Bug Bounty Hunting — Complete Guide (Part-38)

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Some important definitions (Starting with “F” alphabet)

Fallback alignment: In CSS, specifies how a grid or flex container aligns its children when there is extra space in the cross-axis after justifying the content.Falsy: In programming, a value that translates to false when evaluated in a Boolean context. Examples include false, null, undefined, 0, NaN, and '' (empty string).Favicon: Short for “favorite icon,” it is a small icon associated with a website, typically displayed in the browser’s address bar, tabs, bookmarks, and on the desktop for web shortcuts.Federated identity: Refers to a single digital identity across multiple organizations or domains, often managed by a centralized identity provider (IdP) through protocols like SAML or OpenID Connect.Fetch directive: In HTTP headers, directives that control browser behavior regarding cross-origin resource sharing (CORS), caching, and security policies for fetched resources.Fetch metadata request header: In HTTP, headers that convey additional metadata about a fetch request, such as cache control directives or content type preferences.Fingerprinting: A method used by websites and advertisers to track users by collecting browser and device information that uniquely identifies them, often for targeted advertising.Firefox OS: A discontinued open-source operating system based on Linux and developed by Mozilla for smartphones and other devices.Firewall: A network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules, protecting against unauthorized access.First contentful paint: In web performance metrics, it measures the time when the browser first renders any text, image, or non-white canvas element.First CPU idle: Measures when the main thread of a web page is no longer busy and can respond to user input, indicating when the page is minimally interactive.First input delay: In web performance metrics, it measures the delay between when a user interacts with a page (e.g., clicks a button) and when the browser responds to that interaction.First Meaningful Paint: In web performance metrics, it measures the time when the primary content of a page is visibly rendered and useful to the user.First paint: In web performance metrics, it measures when the browser first renders any pixels to the screen, marking the beginning of the loading process.First-class Function: In programming languages, functions that can be treated like any other value (e.g., passed as arguments to other functions, returned as values from functions).Flex: Short for “flexible box layout,” a CSS layout model that allows design elements to align and distribute space within a container, accommodating different screen sizes and orientations.Flex Container: The parent element in a flexbox layout that contains flex items and establishes the main axis and cross axis for its items.Flex Item: The child elements of a flex container that are laid out along the main axis of the flex container.Flexbox: A CSS layout model that provides an efficient way to layout, align, and distribute space among items in a container, even when their size is unknown or dynamic.Flow relative values: In CSS, values that are calculated based on the layout or flow of content, such as percentages or em units.Forbidden header name: HTTP headers that are restricted from being set by client-side JavaScript to prevent security vulnerabilities, such as Set-Cookie or Host.Forbidden response header name: HTTP headers that servers are restricted from sending in responses, such as Set-Cookie or Content-Security-Policy.Fork: In software development, creating a copy of a project to independently develop it further, often resulting in separate software branches.Fragmentainer: In CSS, a conceptual unit of measurement used in paged media layouts to define the size and layout of content fragments within a page.Frame rate (FPS): In graphics and video, it measures the number of frames or images displayed per second, indicating the smoothness and quality of motion.FTP: Stands for File Transfer Protocol, a standard network protocol used to transfer files from one host to another over a TCP-based network like the internet.FTU: Stands for First Time User, referring to a user who is accessing a system or application for the first time and requires onboarding or introductory assistance.Function: In programming, a self-contained block of code that performs a specific task when called or invoked.Fuzz testing: Also known as fuzzing, a software testing technique that involves inputting random or unexpected data into a program to uncover vulnerabilities and bugs.